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	<title>The Diary of a Young Entrepreneur</title>
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	<link>http://arloeat.wordpress.com</link>
	<description>waiting to see how great this day will end</description>
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		<title>The Diary of a Young Entrepreneur</title>
		<link>http://arloeat.wordpress.com</link>
	</image>
			<item>
		<title>Young, ambitious, successful and hungry for more.</title>
		<link>http://arloeat.wordpress.com/2009/03/12/young-ambitious-successful-and-hungry-for-more/</link>
		<comments>http://arloeat.wordpress.com/2009/03/12/young-ambitious-successful-and-hungry-for-more/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 12 Mar 2009 17:59:32 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>arloeat</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[People]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[entrepreneur]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[business]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[indonesia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[young]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://arloeat.wordpress.com/?p=103</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Most of Indonesia&#8217;s young entrepreneurs live under the radar. Their success stories are rarely published in mainstream media. It&#8217;s quite a shame, actually. Their stories could (and should) be a major catalyst to build a generation of young Indonesian&#8217;s that values dreams, optimism and hard work.
They are extraordinary people from ordinary backgrounds. They live among [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=arloeat.wordpress.com&blog=1988243&post=103&subd=arloeat&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>Most of Indonesia&#8217;s young entrepreneurs live under the radar. Their success stories are rarely published in mainstream media. It&#8217;s quite a shame, actually. Their stories could (and should) be a major catalyst to build a generation of young Indonesian&#8217;s that values dreams, optimism and hard work.</p>
<p>They are extraordinary people from ordinary backgrounds. They live among us, under the same political and economic condition, but have somehow broken the mold on how success is obtained.</p>
<p>One of the youngest of this breed is a property developer. He started his business career by selling various items, from shoes to kerosene. Currently, he is on to his fifth real estate project and has revenues in the tens of billions of Rupiahs. He is 23 years old.</p>
<p>Another daring entrepreneur could be considered a pioneer in the food franchise business. His success has essentially spurned a new industry (and imitators!), opening up thousands of employment opportunities and left many drooling when hearing about his firm&#8217;s astronomical figures, with revenues in the high tens of billions of rupiah annually. He will turn 26 this month.</p>
<p>One of the most low profile of the bunch is a humble chicken breeder that lives and does business (mainly) in Subang, West Java. He built his business with an inti-plasma model and has seen his revenues soar to the hundreds of billions of Rupiahs annually in just ten years since inception. His business is now the second largest of it&#8217;s kind in Asia. Not bad for a 32 year old.</p>
<p>Even more important than the (large) monetary benefits that these young entrepreneurs enjoy, they have proven to the nation that anything is possible. While their peers were complaining about the government&#8217;s incompetence, they went out to the real world and started building their empire, brick by brick (for some of them, literally). While their peers were saying &#8220;I can&#8217;t&#8221;, they were asking &#8220;How to&#8221;. While their peers were confined in that small secure box called the comfort zone, they were figuring out how to get out of it. Some of them left the formal school system but all of them intensified their pursuit for knowledge in the school of life.</p>
<p>These young entrepreneurs have broken the mold for the definition of success and how to gain it. They have followed their hearts and passions in pursuits of their dreams. They have contributed to Indonesia&#8217;s economy and inspired hundreds of others to do the same.</p>
<p>The most exciting thing of all; they are all just getting started.</p>
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		<slash:comments>4</slash:comments>
	
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			<media:title type="html">Arlo</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Life Is Like a Game of Cards</title>
		<link>http://arloeat.wordpress.com/2009/03/06/life-is-like-a-game-of-cards/</link>
		<comments>http://arloeat.wordpress.com/2009/03/06/life-is-like-a-game-of-cards/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 06 Mar 2009 03:36:18 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>arloeat</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Thoughts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[entrepreneur]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://arloeat.wordpress.com/?p=99</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[We were all born with different preconditions.
Some were born rich, some were born poor.
Some pretty, some handsome (but everyone is beautiful).
Some with well connected parents, some not.
Some were born in a country where meritocracy is possible, some were born in a country where it isn&#8217;t.
Some call it God&#8217;s will,
others call it fate.
Warren Buffet calls it [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=arloeat.wordpress.com&blog=1988243&post=99&subd=arloeat&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>We were all born with different preconditions.<br />
Some were born rich, some were born poor.<br />
Some pretty, some handsome (but everyone is beautiful).<br />
Some with well connected parents, some not.<br />
Some were born in a country where meritocracy is possible, some were born in a country where it isn&#8217;t.</p>
<p>Some call it God&#8217;s will,<br />
others call it fate.<br />
Warren Buffet calls it &#8220;The Ovarian Lottery&#8221;.</p>
<p>Whatever you prefer to call it, we do not have a hand in this. It&#8217;s a given.</p>
<p>To succeed in life, like in every game of cards, we need to figure out what&#8217;s in our hands. Then, we should maximize what we have, create a strategy to play our cards. It will be very senseless of you to wish for a different set of cards. Not only is it impossible, it also impedes your journey to success.</p>
<p>Winning is not about becoming numero uno. It&#8217;s about reaching the highest <em>possible</em> state in life, given what you have. So stop complaining that other people have it better than you. Because even if they do, it&#8217;s not a guarantee that they&#8217;ll win this game called life.</p>
<p>What matters in life is not where you&#8217;re from, it&#8217;s where you&#8217;re heading.<br />
Realize that and you&#8217;re on your way to winning</p>
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		<slash:comments>7</slash:comments>
	
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			<media:title type="html">Arlo</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Dreams Do Come True</title>
		<link>http://arloeat.wordpress.com/2009/02/01/dreams-do-come-true/</link>
		<comments>http://arloeat.wordpress.com/2009/02/01/dreams-do-come-true/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 01 Feb 2009 21:09:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>arloeat</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://arloeat.wordpress.com/?p=97</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Mid 2006
I was in the middle of a vast tea plantation. Tea bushes were all that I could see around me. I was alone. It was cold. It was midnight. It was very dark.
I was in the middle of a leadership training program held by the army. The trainees had been intentionally brought up to [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=arloeat.wordpress.com&blog=1988243&post=97&subd=arloeat&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>Mid 2006</p>
<p>I was in the middle of a vast tea plantation. Tea bushes were all that I could see around me. I was alone. It was cold. It was midnight. It was very dark.</p>
<p><span id="more-97"></span>I was in the middle of a leadership training program held by the army. The trainees had been intentionally brought up to a remote area in West Java. At midnight, we were dropped (one by one) off in the middle of a tea plantation and had to find our way out of the vast maze of tea bushes through clues spread around the plantation (sometimes they were hidden and unreadable).</p>
<p>The only lights that guided me were the moonlight and lights from a distant factory.. I didn&#8217;t know what the factory produces, but I fell in love with it instantly. It was beautiful. It was huge. The lights highlighted a thick vaporous substance coming out of the factory&#8217;s chimneys. It couldn&#8217;t be smoke, I thought, because it was pure white.</p>
<p>The first thing that came into my mind was that this factory must have had very good business. Imagine a factory in the middle of nowhere that operates 24/7. If not for a strong revenue stream, no way would anyone run a factory like this. Ideas on what the factory was producing raced in my head throughout the night. I even stopped several times just to sit down and look at it from afar, with a burning desire of someday owning it.</p>
<p>Fast forward 2 years</p>
<p>I had totally forgotten about the factory. Immediately after coming home from the training, I abandoned my unyielding attempt to find out more about it and quickly focused back on the businesses i were running.</p>
<p>Until I met an entrepreneur who invited me to visit his factory in West Java.</p>
<p>Unsuspecting, I went through the long 5/6 hour drive to the site. Nearing the factory location, I suddenly jumped in my seat. Looking around, I thought to myself, this place looks very familiar. I&#8217;ve walked these roads before. I&#8217;ve sat in those fields before. I went inside that village before. It was dejavu. All of a sudden, the car came out of a sharp bend and there it was, smack in front of me on the horizon, the factory that i dreamed of owning several years ago. You&#8217;ve guessed it, turns out that the businessman owned the place.</p>
<p>I know i know, the title of this article is &#8220;dreams do come true&#8221; and I haven&#8217;t actually owned the place (yet). But a strange twist of fate brought me back to the factory, brought me back to my dream. Fate injected me with more optimism. An optimism that i&#8217;m on the right track to achieve my dream (or something similar).</p>
<p>Keep on dreaming&#8230;.. and have faith that dreams do come true.</p>
<p>with love,<br />
arlo</p>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
	
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			<media:title type="html">Arlo</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>What To Do In Your Spare Time</title>
		<link>http://arloeat.wordpress.com/2009/01/08/what-to-do-in-your-spare-time/</link>
		<comments>http://arloeat.wordpress.com/2009/01/08/what-to-do-in-your-spare-time/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 08 Jan 2009 16:35:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>arloeat</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[productivity time management]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://arloeat.wordpress.com/?p=94</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Every person has experienced (and most probably will experience again) a certain period of spare time, where you have no serious issues to attend to. For entrepreneurs, it could be caused by the bottoming of the business cycle. For fresh graduates, it could be the time in between graduation and starting work. For employees, it [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=arloeat.wordpress.com&blog=1988243&post=94&subd=arloeat&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>Every person has experienced (and most probably will experience again) a certain period of spare time, where you have no serious issues to attend to. For entrepreneurs, it could be caused by the bottoming of the business cycle. For fresh graduates, it could be the time in between graduation and <span id="more-94"></span>starting work. For employees, it could be because your boss doesn&#8217;t trust you enough to handle the important work (just kidding. It could be the time off you take for vacations every year). It could even be because you had gotten very sick and had to stay at home (number 3 and 6 won&#8217;t apply if this is the case).</p>
<p>In any case, this period of downtime could be filled by two kinds of activities; productive activities and unproductive ones. Here are some (that I think are) productive activities that I have used over the years:</p>
<p>1) Rest enough. Please put emphasis on the word enough. You might want to bring balance back to your body after a burnout, but you don&#8217;t want to waste all your downtime on resting. It feels great to rest, but it feels greater knowing that you became a better person going out of a period of downtime. Believe me.</p>
<p>2) Read books. Any random book will do. But I, personally, prefer autobiographies of successful people. Why? because it feels as if that person is actually talking to me about her life. About her ups and downs. About her adventure. I feel a special connection with the author. After putting down the book, I become inspired.</p>
<p>3) Play every sport. I&#8217;m the type of person that believes I should master (at least, just the basics) every type of sport. Not only will mastering every sport make you a more flexible person physically and mentally, it will also help you out socially. If someone asked you to join them in any type of sports, you&#8217;d be able to confidently say &#8220;I&#8217;m in!&#8221;.</p>
<p>4) Play video games. Contrary to popular belief, games are a very good venue to sharpen your mental skills. For example, first-person shooting games like Counter Strike can only be mastered by people who have reached a certain level of strategic thinking, people who have the mental agility to come up with new strategies on-the-fly and people who can stay calm under pressure. The bad new is that if you don&#8217;t have these traits, you could never win. The good news is that you could gain all of this through routine practice. The excellent news is that you can also bring your sharpened mental skills to the real world!</p>
<p>5) Watch TED Talks videos. <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.youtube.com/user/TEDtalksDirector" target="_blank"><span>http://www.youtube.com/use</span>r/TEDtalksDirector</a> or <a rel="nofollow" href="http://www.ted.com/" target="_blank">http://www.ted.com</a> . For first timers, watch the most popular videos first. Be inspired.</p>
<p>6) Meet new people. Go to seminars, organization gatherings, social events and chat up with new people. It&#8217;s always hard (I, strangely, felt embarrassed) at first, but in the end, when you have found out that there are a lot of interesting people out there, you won&#8217;t be able to wait for the next social event. Find events that&#8217;s theme cater to your liking to increase the chance of meeting people you will like.</p>
<p>7) Install the stumbleupon toolbar. It&#8217;s a toolbar that, when clicked, will bring you to a random website (that has a connection with your interests). This toolbar is a great place for idea searching. If your internet connection mainly consists of facebook, checking your email, reading the news and youtube, this is the tool for you! happy stumbling <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_biggrin.gif' alt=':D' class='wp-smiley' /> </p>
<p> <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_cool.gif' alt='8)' class='wp-smiley' /> Write. About the new things you have learned, about your day, about your family, about your interests, about your ideas, about your thoughts. Write about anything. By writing, you&#8217;ll reserve your spot in history.</p>
<p>I bet you all have your own productive activity. Please share. Write it in the comments section or write your own note and post the link in this note&#8217;s comment section. You can use English, Bahasa Indonesia, Mandarin, Spanish, Urdu or whatever language you prefer. There is only one rule: don&#8217;t critique. We want to hear as many ideas as possible.</p>
<p>hope OUR productivity will bring prosperity to ALL,<br />
-A-</p>
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		<slash:comments>6</slash:comments>
	
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			<media:title type="html">Arlo</media:title>
		</media:content>
	</item>
		<item>
		<title>Let&#8217;s Start a Meme: Turn Every Problem Into a Business Idea</title>
		<link>http://arloeat.wordpress.com/2009/01/03/lets-start-a-meme-turn-every-problem-into-a-business-idea/</link>
		<comments>http://arloeat.wordpress.com/2009/01/03/lets-start-a-meme-turn-every-problem-into-a-business-idea/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 03 Jan 2009 19:42:02 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>arloeat</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://arloeat.wordpress.com/?p=91</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The rules of the game are simple:
1) Find life&#8217;s critic. This is a person who has a very negative outlook on life. One that always complains about everything, but never does anything. I hope it&#8217;s not you.
2) If you can&#8217;t find a person like that, good for you. That means that you&#8217;re in a very [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=arloeat.wordpress.com&blog=1988243&post=91&subd=arloeat&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>The rules of the game are simple:</p>
<p>1) Find life&#8217;s critic. This is a person who has a very negative outlook on life. One that always complains about everything, but never does anything. I hope it&#8217;s not you.</p>
<p><span id="more-91"></span>2) If you can&#8217;t find a person like that, good for you. That means that you&#8217;re in a very positive environment. In this case, just find some random person and continue to step 3.</p>
<p>3) Listen to every word that person says</p>
<p>4) When that person starts criticizing something, you record his critic mentally. Let&#8217;s say that person criticizes about the lack of nutritional food in the school&#8217;s cafeteria.</p>
<p><span> 5) Turn that critic into a series of What-Why-When-Where-Who-Ho</span></p>
<div>w questions. For example:<br />
Who else has this problem?<br />
What products can solve this problem?<br />
Why does this problem exist?<br />
When does this problem occur the most?<br />
Where does this problem occur? (these five questions are the market research part)<br />
How can I solve this problem profitably? (based on market research)</p>
<p>6) Make a business proposal out of those answers. In this case, you could provide fresh fruits that are packed in hygiene containers and sell them through the cafeteria or other strategic locations. I know a small company that used to do this in ITB. Their legendary product was called Buabadoo.</p>
<p>7) Do this every day. You don&#8217;t have to do extensive research all the time. Just use the knowledge that you have in your head.</p>
<p> <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_cool.gif' alt='8)' class='wp-smiley' /> Start small&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;and build your way up to tougher problems. Sooner or later, you&#8217;ll end up with a business idea to solve the nation&#8217;s most toughest problems (or..potential opportunities).</p>
<p>9) Spread the word. The more the merrier.</p></div>
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			<media:title type="html">Arlo</media:title>
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		<title>The success story of Firman, the 10 year old scavenger boy</title>
		<link>http://arloeat.wordpress.com/2009/01/02/the-success-story-of-firman-the-10-year-old-scavenger-boy/</link>
		<comments>http://arloeat.wordpress.com/2009/01/02/the-success-story-of-firman-the-10-year-old-scavenger-boy/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 02 Jan 2009 20:35:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>arloeat</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[People]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[entrepreneur]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://arloeat.wordpress.com/?p=29</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[A while ago, I was checking out one of my businesses&#8230;&#8230;.
It was almost midnight. It was cold. The rain was pouring down very hard. My mind began to wander off on how this rain had affected my sales. Until suddenly, my thoughts were disrupted when I caught a glimpse of a shadow. My eyes became [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=arloeat.wordpress.com&blog=1988243&post=29&subd=arloeat&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p><strong>A while ago, I was checking out one of my businesses&#8230;&#8230;.</strong></p>
<p>It was almost midnight. It was cold. The rain was pouring down very hard. My mind began to wander off on how this rain had affected my sales. Until suddenly, my thoughts were disrupted when I caught a glimpse of a shadow. My eyes became transfixed on this little person.</p>
<p>What made me notice him was that he was picking and sorting out trash from the trash bin. In the rain. In cold weather. Almost midnight&#8230; His name is Firman. He&#8217;s 10 years old. He is a scavenger boy.</p>
<p><span id="more-29"></span>Intrigued, I called him over and started to chat with him. &#8220;I&#8217;m doing this to pay my school bills&#8221; he said, when I asked him why he was scavenging. He also said that he helps his father foot the bill to buy food for his family. I went silent. Suddenly flashbacks came to me on what I was doing when I was 10. I won&#8217;t go to the details, but it mainly consists of sleeping, playing and eating.</p>
<p>Firman&#8217;s typical work day starts at the break of dawn. Right past midday, he rests under a shade to avoid the scorching sun. At evenings, he sells his &#8220;bounty&#8221; to a collector and, after emptying his bag, starts working again. Come 8 P.M., he rests. Approaching midnight, he starts scavenging again  until 2-3 A.M.  He then rests till dawn and goes through the cycle once again. He eats 1 or 2 simple meals a day. He never takes a vacation (taking a vacation will translate to not having anything to eat). And btw, he&#8217;s also saving to startup his own business.</p>
<p>Don&#8217;t forget that he&#8217;s 10 years old.</p>
<p>The world is filled with a lot of people who went from zero to hero. From rags to riches. Firman could be one of them. He has turned life&#8217;s lemons into lemonade.  He has a dream. He works hard. He has street smarts. He has a lot of years ahead to look forward at (did I mention that he&#8217;s only 10 years old? <img src='http://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_biggrin.gif' alt=':D' class='wp-smiley' /> ).</p>
<p>Why did I call this post &#8220;The success story of Firman&#8230;.&#8221;? Because,</p>
<p>he has successfully inspired me. I hope he inspires you too.</p>
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			<media:title type="html">Arlo</media:title>
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		<title>The Start of a New Journey</title>
		<link>http://arloeat.wordpress.com/2008/12/06/the-start-of-a-new-journey/</link>
		<comments>http://arloeat.wordpress.com/2008/12/06/the-start-of-a-new-journey/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 06 Dec 2008 17:11:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>arloeat</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Personal Diary]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[entrepreneur]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[business]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[journey]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://arloeat.wordpress.com/?p=79</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It&#8217;s been a long time I since my last post on entrepreneurship and my entrepreneurial endeavors. A lot has happened since ; I sold my businesses, met new people, realigned my goals and moved to the Capital. I have done all of this to pursue my &#8220;new&#8221; passion in the world of Finance and Investments. [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=arloeat.wordpress.com&blog=1988243&post=79&subd=arloeat&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>It&#8217;s been a long time I since my last post on entrepreneurship and my entrepreneurial endeavors. A lot has happened since ; I sold my businesses, met new people, realigned my goals and moved to the Capital. I have done all of this to pursue my &#8220;new&#8221; passion in the world of Finance and Investments. To start a new journey. To become a  financial entrepreneur.</p>
<p>I first stumbled upon this passion last year.</p>
<p><span id="more-79"></span>At first, I loathed the people in the finance world. Because, I always thought of them as greedy people trying to make money by pushing papers and adding no value whatsoever to the world they live in. These people sure did make a lot of money. But that fact never enticed me.</p>
<p>I had paradigm shift when my mentor talked about his hero; Warren Buffett. I have seen this guy regularly on Forbes&#8217; list of the worlds richest people. He has been in the top ten ever since I started reading the magazine. I usually research everyone in the top one hundred, but I always skip people who are in the list through investments (and inheritance). I just thought they didn&#8217;t deserve it. But boy, was I wrong.</p>
<p>Being very curious about the person who inspired my mentor, I started digging into books and articles about Warren Buffett. I read probably 4 books and dozens of articles on him but was not yet convinced. That is, until I read &#8220;Buffett: The Making of an American Capitalist&#8221; by Roger Lowenstein. After that book, my world view changed. I saw a whole new light.</p>
<p>From then on, I switched gears to become a financial entrepreneur. I learned (and am still learning) everything that I can. I read every book about investments that I could find. I took the Investment Manager&#8217;s exam to test my knowledge, and passed. Now I&#8217;m taking on the Holy Grail of exams in the finance world; The CFA program. I&#8217;m taking all of these measures to enhance my understanding about the industry and as preparation to starting my own investment firm. So far, this &#8220;venture&#8221;  has been the most researched, tedious and tiresome venture in my business life. And I haven&#8217;t even gone pass the preparation phase.</p>
<p>Besides preparing by acquiring the theories and technical know how, the next thing to do is to gain experience. A lot of people suggested working for a financial corporation. Being the stubborn person that I am, I relented. I once promised myself that there is no way I would work at company thats not mine. But I realized that I have to do whatever it is necessary to achieve my goals.</p>
<p>I got the same assurance and support from Muhammad Maulana of Saratoga Capital. He added: &#8220;As long as you still have the entrepreneurial spirit, it doesn&#8217;t matter what you do or where you work. Just don&#8217;t let that spirit die&#8221;. (Thanks and I will never let that happen, Mas). My awesome cousin, Harun Temenggung, told me something simple, but relevant: &#8220;Keep your eyes on the prize&#8221;. (He is the master of words in our family, btw)</p>
<p>I once wrote <a href="http://arloeat.wordpress.com/2008/02/24/you-dont-have-to-start-off-as-an-employee-to-run-your-own-business/">a post</a> about not having to become an employee first  to start a new business. I also argued that you should only do it if you know what kind of industry you want to jump into, and find experience in a relevant position. But, there is one thing that I forgot to write in that post. It&#8217;s an advice from Warren Buffett that I saw on youtube. He said: &#8220;If you have to work, you might as well work for your hero&#8221; (or something like that).</p>
<p>This makes perfect sense in a lot of ways, especially when your hero is a veteran in the industry you want to jump into. It won&#8217;t be easy. Even Mr. Buffett had to wait a few years before he got the chance to work for Benjamin Graham. But he never gave up. Neither will I. Neither should you.</p>
<p>The start of a new journey</p>
<p>So, here I am. Having started up and folded several businesses, Starting yet another new journey. A great friend of mine, Saptuari Sugiharto (owner of the Kedai Digital Franchise), said that a person&#8217;s failure is limited. The only thing is, we don&#8217;t know how much failures we will have to endure before striking gold. The catch is to rise up after every failure, in hopes that the next venture will be a hit.</p>
<p>So, here I am, letting go of my previous businesses. Cutting my losses (and some profits). Focusing my life and efforts on a single goal.</p>
<p>So, here I am, at the start of a new journey.</p>
<p>The months to come will be interesting for sure.</p>
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			<media:title type="html">Arlo</media:title>
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		<title>Alasan Dollar Jadi Mahal</title>
		<link>http://arloeat.wordpress.com/2008/10/28/alasan-dollar-jadi-mahal/</link>
		<comments>http://arloeat.wordpress.com/2008/10/28/alasan-dollar-jadi-mahal/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 28 Oct 2008 06:43:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>arloeat</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://arloeat.wordpress.com/?p=75</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Dalam beberapa hari terakhir kita menyaksikan dengan tercengang melemahnya nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dollar. Beberapa minggu lalu, satu dollar masih dihargai Rp. 9.300-an. Siang ini, satu dollar dihargai Rp.11.800. Rupiah sudah melemah lebih dari 20% tahun ini. Namun, kita tidak sendiri. Semua negara di dunia mengalami pelemahan nilai tukar. Tepatnya, semua negara kecuali Jepang dan [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=arloeat.wordpress.com&blog=1988243&post=75&subd=arloeat&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>Dalam beberapa hari terakhir kita menyaksikan dengan tercengang melemahnya nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dollar. Beberapa minggu lalu, satu dollar masih dihargai Rp. 9.300-an. Siang ini, satu dollar dihargai Rp.11.800. Rupiah sudah melemah lebih dari 20% tahun ini. Namun, kita tidak sendiri. Semua negara di dunia mengalami pelemahan nilai tukar. Tepatnya, semua negara kecuali Jepang dan Amerika.</p>
<p>Berikut adalah informasi yang bisa saya himpun dari pembicaraan dengan beberapa kawan yang berkecimpung di bidang ekonomi, moneter, usaha dan <span id="more-75"></span>dari artikel2 yang saya baca di internet. Seperti biasa, mohon masukannya jika terdapat kesalahan atau kekurangan dalam artikel ini.</p>
<p>Ini merupakan salah satu fenomena yang sebenarnya menyimpang dari teori. Dalam semua buku teks akademis mengenai ekonomi, selalu dikatakan bahwa negara yang memiliki perekonomian yang lemah akan memiliki mata uang yang lemah. Anehnya, Amerika, yang menghadapi resesi, malah memiliki salah satu mata uang terkuat di dunia sekarang. Penjelasan utama dibelakang ini sebenarnya, serendipitously, merupakan lanjutan dari note saya mengenai asal usul krisis keuangan 2008.</p>
<p>Dapat diingat bahwa pada note sebelumnya saya memasukkan paragraf mengenai kekurangan likuiditas yang dialami bank-bank dan perusahaan-perusahaan di Amerika. Kekurangan likuiditas ini berdampak pada keharusan perusahaan-perusahaan ini untuk meningkatkan simpanan kas mereka. Tentunya kas ini harus berdenominasi dollar. Pertanyaannya yang relevan adalah: bagaimana caranya perusahaan-perusahaan ini mengumpulkan kas dalam waktu yang singkat?</p>
<p>Hampir semua perusahaan besar memiliki investasi di negara-negara selain negara asalnya. Perusahaan Indonesia seperti Group Lippo memiliki investasi yang besar di Hongkong. Medco memiliki investasi di Timur Tengah. Hampir semua konglomerat Indonesia memiliki investasi di Singapura. Investasi ini dapat berupa Foreign Direct Investment ataupun investasi diatas kertas seperti saham, mata uang, surat utang.</p>
<p>Sama halnya dengan perusahaan Indonesia, perusahaan-perusahaan Amerika juga memiliki banyak investasi di luar negaranya. Dengan banyak, yang sebenarnya saya maksud adalah sangat sangat sangat banyak. Investasi ini disebar ke seluruh dunia. Setiap melakukan investasi, perusahaan-perusahaan ini harus menukarkan mata uang yang mereka miliki, dollar misalnya, ke dalam denominasi (jenis) mata uang yang digunakan di negara bersangkutan. Setelah berada dalam denominasi mata uang lokal, barulah investasi itu dapat dilakukan.</p>
<p>Investasi inilah yang sekarang akan diambil lagi oleh perusahaan2 Amerika. Untuk mengambilnya, dilakukan proses yang terbalik dengan yang saya jabarkan diatas. Pertama, investasi yang ada dicairkan untuk mendapatkan kas dalam denominasi mata uang lokal (kalau di kita, Rupiah). Salah satu akibat yang dapat dilihat adalah melemahnya indeks saham. Dengan dijualnya saham-saham yang dimiliki perusahaan asing secara bersamaan dan dengan kesediaan mereka menanggung kerugian berapapun asalkan mendapatkan likuiditas, harga saham perusahaan-perusahaan Indonesiapun turun drastis.</p>
<p>Langkah berikutnya adalah dengan mengkonversikan rupiah ini menjadi dollar. Konversi ini dilakukan di sebuah pasar. Namanya adalah pasar mata uang. Sama seperti di pasar saham dan pasar2 lainnya, ada sebuah hukum yang berlaku; yaitu hukum supply-demand. Sederhananya, semakin banyak supply dan semakin sedikit pembeli, semakin rendah harga barang yang diperjualbelikan. Sebaliknya, semakin banyak pembeli dan sedikit supply, semakin tinggi harga barang yang diperjualbelikan.</p>
<p>Beberapa hari ini, pasar mata uang mengalami tekanan yang luar biasa besarnya. Nilai transaksi hari ini mencapai lebih dari dua kali lipat dari biasanya. Investor asing berebutan menukarkan rupiahnya ke dollar. Pasokan dollar tidak cukup untuk memenuhi melejitnya permintaan ini. Oleh karena itu, harga dollar tertekan naik.</p>
<p>Jadi, penguatan dollar lebih disebabkan karena perusahaan2 besar Amerika memiliki kepentingan untuk mengamankan posisi likuiditasnya. Fakta ini, ditambah dengan prediksi melemahnya perekonomian Amerika, semakin memastikan kekacauan yang terjadi di negeri bendera garis dan bintang itu. Penguatan mata uang Jepang juga adalah akibat hal yang sama. Perusahaan2 besar Jepang, keiretsu-keiretsunya, menarik investasi mereka di seluruh dunia untuk memperkuat stok yen mereka. Bahkan, pasar saham Jepang mencapai titik terendahnya dalam 26 tahun. Sebuah bukti bahwa pencairan investasi besar2an untuk menambal likuiditas sedang terjadi.</p>
<p>Hal yang pertama kali saya pikirkan adalah bahwa ini merupakan kesempatan  untuk mengambil keuntungan dari melemahnya nilai rupiah. Yaitu dengan membeli dollar sekarang dan menjualnya dengan harga yang lebih tinggi beberapa hari/minggu  ke depan. Setelah mikir-mikir, niat ini kemudian saya urungkan. Alasannya adalah bahwa dalam jangka panjang, harga suatu barang akan mengikuti nilai intrinsiknya (nilai sebenarnya), termasuk harga mata uang. Fluktuasi yang diakibatkan capital flight yang kita alami saat ini hanya merupakan fenomena jangka pendek. Tentunya, uang akan terus keluar sampai titik dimana perusahaan2 diluar tidak lagi membutuhkan likuiditas. Dengan akan dikucurkannya $125 Billion dalam waktu dekat ini oleh pemerintah Amerika sebagai bagian program bailout $850 Billion, likuiditas di pasar akan bertambah dan siapa tahu hal ini akan memperlambat capital outflow. Syukur-syukur capital bisa langsung masuk lagi ke dalam negeri. Kalau hal itu terjadi, penguatan nilai rupiah tidak terelakkan.</p>
<p>Tentunya ada banyak faktor lain yang memicu penguatan dollar terhadap mata uang negara lain. Anggapan masyarakat bahwa dollar merupakan mata uang yang aman untuk dipegang adalah salah satunya. Padahal, karena adanya asumsi seperti inilah dollar menjadi kuat, bukan sebaliknya. Kalau di metafisika, ini namanya sebuah &#8220;self fulfilling prophecy&#8221; atau disebut juga &#8220;wishful thinking&#8221;. Faktor lain yang menyebabkan fenomena ini adalah ulah spekulan yang seperti menambahkan minyak pada api. Karena mereka mendapatkan keuntungan dari &#8220;riding the trend&#8221;, sangat sulit untuk mengetahui kondisi fundamental yang sebenarnya. Memang, mereka mendapatkan keuntungan. Namun bisa saja hilang dengan cepat jika mereka highly leveraged dan trend tiba-tiba berbalik, walau hanya untuk sesaat. Ditambah lagi jika dihitung kemungkinan fallout dari tindakan mereka ke dunia riil (dalam bentuk kenaikan harga barang dsb), saya rasa keuntungan total yang didapat malah negatif.</p>
<p>Tapi ini semua hanya pemikiran saya yang sangat rentan terhadap kesalahan. Oleh karena itu, saya mohon koreksi dan tambahan info dari teman-teman.</p>
<p>Sukses</p>
<p>Arlo E.A.T</p>
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			<media:title type="html">Arlo</media:title>
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		<title>Asal Usul Krisis Keuangan 2008</title>
		<link>http://arloeat.wordpress.com/2008/10/23/asal-usul-krisis-keuangan-2008/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 23 Oct 2008 08:44:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>arloeat</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[Saya menulis note ini karena merasa bahwa penjelasan tentang krisis ini dalam bahasa Indonesia sangat sulit untuk didapat. Padahal, krisis ini menyangkut kepentingan banyak, kalau tidak semua, orang.
Rasanya memang sudah sangat terlambat bagi saya untuk menulis note dengan tema ini. Krisinya sudah dimulai dari beberapa tahun lalu dan kondisi keuangan global dunia sudah (untuk sekarang) [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=arloeat.wordpress.com&blog=1988243&post=69&subd=arloeat&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>Saya menulis note ini karena merasa bahwa penjelasan tentang krisis ini dalam bahasa Indonesia sangat sulit untuk didapat. Padahal, krisis ini menyangkut kepentingan banyak, kalau tidak semua, orang.</p>
<p>Rasanya memang sudah sangat terlambat bagi saya untuk menulis note dengan tema ini. Krisinya sudah dimulai dari beberapa tahun lalu dan kondisi keuangan global dunia sudah (untuk sekarang) stabil. Namun saya berharap note ini akan mampu memberikan pengertian terhadap krisis yang kita hadapi. Baik bagi teman2, maupun bagi saya yang akan sangat menghargai jika teman2 mengkoreksi pemikiran atau fakta-fakta saya yang salah.</p>
<p style="text-align:left;">Amerika Serikat, Pertengahan 1990-an.</p>
<p>Warga Amerika mulai mendesak pemerintahannya untuk mempermudah kepemilikan rumah bagi warga yang kurang mampu. Dalam membeli rumah <span id="more-69"></span>baru, kebanyakan warga menggunakan fasilitas mortgage (kalau di Indonesia, istilahnya KPR), sebuah fasilitas peminjaman uang jangka panjang untuk membeli perumahan. Mortgage dikeluarkan oleh bank yang akan memberikan pinjaman kepada pembeli rumah untuk melunasi rumahnya dan pembeli rumah tersebut akan mencicil kembali pinjamannya dalam jangka waktu panjang; 10, 20 atau 30 tahun.</p>
<p>Bank ini kemudian akan menjual mortgage2 tersebut kepada Fannie Mae dan Freddie Mac yang, dengan jaminan pemerintah Amerika, menggabungkan mortgage2 tersebut menjadi Motgage Backed Securities (MBS) dan menjualnya kepada Wall Street. Dengan begitu, Fannie Mae dan Freddie Mac dapat menyediakan dana yang cukup bagi bank2 yang kemudian akan memberikan mortgage kepada rakyat Amerika. Secara tidak langsung, para pemegang mortgage melunasi cicilan mortgagenya kepada investor, bukan kepada bank dimana dia menarik mortgage tersebut.</p>
<p>Dalam kondisi normal, bank tidak akan pernah mau memberikan pinjaman kepada pihak yang dinilai tidak mampu membayar kembali pinjamannya (tidak credit-worthy). Karena jika seorang peminjam (baca: debitor) tidak mampu mengembalikan cicilan pinjamannya ( mengalami default), bank itu sendiri yang akan rugi. Dari zaman dahulu, hal ini yang menghambat warga amerika untuk dapat mengambil mortgage dan memiliki rumah sendiri&#8230;&#8230;sampai pada pertengahan 1990an.</p>
<p>Tekanan dari warga Amerika untuk meringankan persyaratan dalam mengambil mortgage akhirnya mampu meluluhkan pemerintah Amerika. Mulai tahun 1995, Fannie Mae diperbolehkan menjamin kredit atas mortgage subprime.</p>
<p>Subprime Mortgage dan Housing Bubble</p>
<p>Subprime mortgage adalah jenis mortgage yang diambil oleh orang yang dinilai tidak layak untuk mendapatkan kredit. Logikanya, orang2 yang mengambil subprime mortgage ini tidak akan mampu mengembalikan pinjamannya. Hal itu benar, jika tidak diikuti kebijakan2 lainnya. The Federal Reserve (Bank Sentral Amerika) menurunkan suku bunganya menjadi sangat rendah, sehingga bunga mortgage ikut2an rendah. Hal ini memicu orang2 untuk cepat2 mengambil mortgage, walaupun bentuknya subprime.</p>
<p>Karena banyaknya orang2 yang membeli rumah (bahkan satu keluarga bisa punya 2-3 rumah), harga rumah naik. Terjadilah housing bubble.</p>
<p>Orang2 yang tadinya akan default terhadap mortgagenya, tinggal melakukan refinancing. Refinancing adalah praktek mengambil mortgage lagi dan melunasi mortgage sebelumnya. Dengan harga rumah yang meningkat terus, nilai rumah yang dijadikan agunan akan melebihi nilai mortgage sebelumnya. Hal ini memungkinkan sang debitor untuk mengambil utang baru demi menutupi utang lamanya. Selama harga rumah terus naik, orang akan selalu melakukan refinancing dan memperpanjan mortgagenya. Toh, mereka pikir, jika memang sudah tidak sanggup bayar lagi, rumahnya dapat dijual dengan harga lebih tinggi daripada mortgage yang terakhir diambil dan dapat menghasilkan keuntungan capital gain.</p>
<p>Here Come The Big Boys</p>
<p>Dengan jaminan pemerintah, investor-investor yang membiayai mortgage2 ini melalui pembelian MBS mendapatkan sebuah instrumen investasi yang risk-free dan menghasilkan keuntungan yang besar. Sebagai perantara antara bank dan investor, Fannie Mae dan Freddie Mac juga mendapatkan keuntungan besar. Bank-bank yang memberikan mortgage juga mendapatkan keuntungan besar dengan menjual mortgage2 tersebut kepada Fannie dan Freddie. Amerika juga untung karena sekarang kebanyakan dari mereka dapat memiliki rumah.</p>
<p>Melihat besarnya keuntungan yang mungkin didapat, sektor swasta merasa harus ikut. Akhirnya Lehman Brothers, Bear Sterns dan pemain2 wall street lainnya mulai membeli subprime mortgage dari pihak perbankan dan membuat MBS sendiri untuk dijual ke para investor. Para investor mendapatkan keuntungan besar dari pembelian MBS ini dan karena keuntungannya sangat besar, mereka mulai menekan wall street untuk membuat banyak MBS.</p>
<p>Dengan demand MBS yang melimpah, wall street mulai menekan para bank agar memberikan kredit perumahan sebanyak mungkin. Dengan senang hati, mereka melakukan itu. Pada puncaknya, warga Amerika yang tadinya membutuhkan banyak persyaratan untuk mengambil mortgage, hanya tinggal membubuhkan tanda tangan perjanjian kesediaan melunasi mortgage. Pihak bank yang kemudian akan mengurus administrasinya (dengan mengisi banyak informasi palsu tentang si pengambil mortgage).</p>
<p>Dengan ini, semakin banyak lagi orang yang masuk ke pasar perumahan dan membeli rumah. Demand akan rumah meningkat dan harga rumah juga meningkat.</p>
<p>The Decline</p>
<p>Masalahnya muncul ketika harga rumah tidak lagi naik. Pada tahun 2006an, harga rumah mulai stabil dan bahkan cenderung turun. Hal ini mencegah orang2 untuk dapat melakukan refinancing dan memilih menyatakan default. Investor-investor cerdas mulai melakukan taruhan bahwa akan ada gelombang default yang besar pada subprime mortgage dan turunannya di masa mendatang. Salah satu bentuknya adalah dengan short selling instrumen MBS ini.</p>
<p>Short selling adalah praktek untuk meminjam sebuah instrumen investasi dari investor lain dan menjualnya dengan berharap harga instrumen itu akan turun. Jika harga tersebut sudah turun, sang short seller akan melakukan cover dengan membeli instrumen tersebut di pasar dengan harga yang lebih rendah dan mengembalikannya kepada investor yang dipinjami. Keuntungannya adalah selisih antara harga saat instrumen tersebut di-short dan harga saat instrumen tersebut di-cover.</p>
<p>Cara lain untuk bertaruh bahwa subprime mortgage dan MBSnya akan default adalah dengan membeli Credit Default Swaps (CDS). Dalam CDS terhadap MBS, sebuah perusahaan menjual asuransi untuk membeli kembali MBS dari investor yang memiliki CDS pada nilai muka (face value) jika ternyata MBS tersebut default (jika subprime mortgage default, MBS juga akan default). CDS ini dapat dibeli walaupun sang investor tidak memiliki MBS. Dengan itu, sang investor dapat membeli MBS saat sudah default dan menyerahkannya ke perusahaan yang menjual asuransi dalam bentuk CDS untuk ditukar dengan nilai muka.</p>
<p>Nama Credit Default Swap sendiri dipilih (bukannya Credit Default Insurance) karena dengan menggunakan istilah &#8220;Swap&#8221;, produk ini tidak kena berbagai regulasi yang diharuskan didalam dunia asuransi.</p>
<p>Sebagai contoh; seorang investor membeli CDS dari perusahaan asuransi AIG. Perjanjiannya adalah sang investor akan membayar $1000 dollar kepada AIG jika mereka bersedia menanggung MBS sebesar $100.000.  Jika sebuah MBS default dan dihargai $10 (face value $100), AIG akan membeli 1000 MBS milik investor tersebut senilai $100 dan menanggung kerugian sebesar $90.000.</p>
<p>Ternyata itu yang terjadi. Setelah harga rumah mulai turun, banyak orang yang tidak bisa melakukan refinancing akhirnya menyatakan default. Otomatis, MBS yang diperjualbelikan juga default. Investor-investor dan perusahaan-perusahaan yang masih memegang MBS ini menyatakan kerugian yang luar biasa besarnya. Diperkirakan, jumlah subprime mortgage sekitar beberapa ratus milliar dollar. Artinya, perusahaan2 yang masih memegang subprime mortgage atau turunannya, mengalami kerugian yang jika ditotal mencapai sekian ratus milliar dollar tersebut.</p>
<p>Tapi permasalahannya belum selesai sampai disitu. Selain produk subprime mortgage dan turunannya, masih ada produk CDS yang baru dibahas diatas. Konon, nilai tanggungan CDS-CDS ini mencapai total $54,7 Trilliun (karena tidak teregulasi, maka jumlah pastinya tidak dapat diketahui). Sebagai perbandingan, nilai GDP dunia pada tahun 2007 adalah sebesar $54,3 Trilliun.</p>
<p>Logikanya, kerugian tersebut akan menyebabkan hampir seluruh perusahaan yang memegangnya kolaps. bangkrut. Jika sebuah perusahaan bangkrut, ia akan melikuidasi aset2nya untuk membayar utang2 yang masih tersisa. Utang ini biasanya tidak kembali 100%. Oleh karena itu, perusahaan2 kreditor yang memegang kas sangat berhati-hati (bahkan menghentikan) pemberian pinjaman kepada perusahaan lain. Hal ini diperparah jika pemegang kas ini terekspos kerugian juga. Ini disebut Credit Crunch.</p>
<p>Celakanya, beberapa perusahaan sangat tergantung oleh kredit ini. Contoh yang paling kentara adalah perusahaan2 Investment banking. Karena ketiadaan likuiditas, perusahaan seperti Bear Sterns harus dibailout, Lehman Brothers harus kolaps, Merril Lynch diakuisisi, dan Morgan Stanley dan Goldman Sachs meninggalkan model bisnis investment banking dan berubah menjadi bank holding company. Selain itu, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac juga dibailout. AIG, yang menjual CDS paling banyak, juga pada akhirnya diberi pinjaman oleh pemerintah Amerika. AIG memiliki keterikatan bisnis dengan banyak instansi internasional lainnya. Jika AIG dibiarkan kolaps, hampir dapat dipastikan akan ada banyak instansi internasional lainnya yang kolaps.</p>
<p>Walaupun sudah sekitar beberapa Trilliun dollar dikeluarkan oleh pemerintah Amerika untuk mem-bailout instansi-instansi ini dan memberikan fasilitas kredit jangka pendek, pasar kredit masih saja lesu. Credit Crunch masih terjadi. Jika berkepanjangan, hal ini dapat berdampak sangat signifikan pada dunia riil.</p>
<p>Sebagai contoh, dalam proses ekspor-impor dikenal sebuah surat penting bernama Letter of Credit (LC). LC merupakan surat jaminan bahwa bank akan memberikan uang kepada penjual jika barang telah dikirim kepada pembeli. Pembeli akan kemudian membayarkan uang tersebut kepada bank yang mengeluarkan LC, biasanya secara bertahap.</p>
<p>LC merupakan salah satu instrumen kredit yang sekarang sedang sulit untuk didapat. Beberapa bank bahkan sekarang meminta agar pembeli menyetorkan secara penuh uang untuk melunasi transaksi. Padahal, pembeli juga baru akan mendapatkan uang jika produknya sudah terjual lagi. Jika tidak ada LC, proses ekspor-impor akan terganggu karena tidak ada jaminan pembayaran. Jika tidak ada ekspor-impor, usaha akan berhenti. Jika usaha berhenti&#8230;&#8230;&#8230;saya rasa teman-teman sudah tahu sendiri apa akibatnya</p>
<p>Pasar saham global juga mengalami penurunan yang sangat tajam. Akarnya adalah ketidakpastian dalam dunia usaha yang menyebabkan investor menarik dana investasinya. Lalu diikuti dengan berbagai macam hal teknis seperti margin call yang membuat bursa semakin terperosok, atau para hedge fund yang menjual aset sahamnya karena memerlukan likuiditas. Melihat bursa semakin terperosok, investor yang tersisa memilih untuk menarik dananya dari bursa. Ini kemudian menambah keterpurukan bursa.</p>
<p>Krisis keuangan ini hanya dapat selesai jika akar permasalahannya dapat diisolir. Amerika sudah membuat kesalahan dengan memberikan mortgage pada orang2 yang tidak layak. Tapi hal itu sudah terlanjur terjadi dan dampaknya sudah mulai terlihat. Bailout terakhir senilai $850 Billion berfungsi untuk membeli aset2 (subprime) bermasalah sehingga mampu menciptakan kepercayaan pasar untuk menggulirkan kredit kembali. Dampaknya sudah mulai terlihat dengan membaiknya pasar kredit beberapa hari belakangan. Atau, jika harga perumahan naik kembali, hal ini dapat memicu gelombang refinancing sehingga subprime mortgage yang default jadi sedikit.</p>
<p>Namun, masih ada makhluk bernama CDS yang sampai sekarang belum diketahui bagaimana penyelesaiannya. Warren Buffett dalam kutipannya yang terkenal menyatakan bahwa &#8220;Derivatives are financial weapons of mass destruction&#8221;. Dia benar. Tapi sekarang dia mulai melakukan investasi lagi ke pasar saham, dengan pertimbangan bahwa sudah banyak perusahaan yang dijual dibawah intrinsic valuenya.Hal ini membawa kita kepada kutipan Warren Buffett yang lain: &#8220;Be fearful when others are greedy, be greedy when others are fearful&#8221;</p>
<p>Jika ada kesalahan atau kekurangan dalam artikel ini, saya mohon perbaikan dan inputnya.</p>
<p>Jika teman-teman merasa bahwa artikel ini membantu, tolong sebarkan ke teman-teman yang lain. Di facebook, bisa dilakukan dengan fitur share link pada halaman profile.</p>
<p>Sukses</p>
<p>Arlo Temenggung</p>
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		<title>Doi Moi</title>
		<link>http://arloeat.wordpress.com/2008/09/07/doi-moi/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 07 Sep 2008 08:15:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>arloeat</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[Aaaahh Vietnam. The country where the American Army fled humiliated several decades ago. War torn, this country was somewhat like what Iraq is now, besides the fact that Vietnam is a Communist State. The ruling party tried to enforce communism post-war. But the economic slump the country endured shortly after prompted the ruling party to [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=arloeat.wordpress.com&blog=1988243&post=67&subd=arloeat&ref=&feed=1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class='snap_preview'><br /><p>Aaaahh Vietnam. The country where the American Army fled humiliated several decades ago. War torn, this country was somewhat like what Iraq is now, besides the fact that Vietnam is a Communist State. The ruling party tried to enforce communism post-war. But the economic slump the country endured shortly after prompted the ruling party to try a new initiative; Doi Moi. Simply, Doi Moi is a bunch of economic initiatives that allow a somewhat free economy to coexist side by side with a communist government.</p>
<p>So how is Vietnam doing now? It is doing very well. To quote from the book, Microtrends (Mark J. Penn and E. Kinney Zalesne):</p>
<ul>
<li>The number of citizens with income of less than $1 a day dropped from 51% to 8%</li>
<li>In Vietnam&#8217;s two largest cities, the middle class population doubled</li>
<li>Personal entertainment spending has coubled since 2003</li>
<li>The Nation&#8217;s economy grew at a rate of 8,3% a year in 2005. Making it one of the fastest growing economies in the world.</li>
</ul>
<p>Ironically, all of this occured in a country where income taxes are high, power shortages ar the norm, corruption is widepsread, IP rights are not enforced, income in rural areas hasn&#8217;t risen as high as in the urban regions and the court system is in the mercy of the communist party. It may be a long shot, but a Gallup poll may explain the forces behind the country&#8217;s economic growth.</p>
<p>The poll states that Vietnam is one of the most optimistic countries in the world. 90% of it&#8217;s people are sure that the following years will be better than the present years. This has also been shown by the staggering amount of entrepreneurial activity the country has witnessed. As you all might know, optimisim and entrepreneurship go hand in hand. From the food industry (Check out the Pho 21 restaurant chain) to the technology industry (Vietnam is dubbed the next India), Vietnamese entrepreneurs are on their way to pull their country to success.</p>
<p>There are a lot of lessons that Indonesians can learn from the Vietnamese. The most important is probably on optimism. Oh come on people, if a war-torn communist state can be optimistic, why can&#8217;t a rich democratic country like ours be? I believe that whatever our current condition is, as long as we keep the flames of optimism burning, we can achieve whatever we want. As the wise like to say; where there is a will, there is a way.</p>
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